明国十九年哈尔滨军舰币

民国十九年哈尔滨军舰壹分铜元样币，红铜质。正面中央铸国民党党徽图案，外环铸双线连弧形纹饰，上缘铸纪年文字“中华民国十九年”，下缘铸纪值文字“壹分”及两颗五角星；背面铸一兵舰图案及纪地文字“哈尔滨”。中国钱币以兵舰为图案的，唯独这一例。

In the 19th year of the Republic of China, Harbin warships were divided into copper coins and red copper. The front center casts the KMT's party emblem pattern, the outer ring casts two lines of arc-shaped ornaments, the upper edge casts the Jiji text "19 years of the Republic of China", the lower edge casts the Jiji text "points" and two five-pointed stars; On the back, a ship pattern and Ji Di text "Harbin" were cast. Chinese coins are patterned with warships, except for this case.

历史

此币是哈尔滨银行公会于民国十九年（1930年）初设计、沈阳造币厂制作的，目的是为纪念在同江阻击战中牺牲的将士和颂扬在战事中立下赫赫功绩的“东乙”号驳船。据有关文献记载，此币为缓解当时哈尔滨地区辅币缺乏日趋严重的问题而铸。当时哈尔滨银行公会报请东三省特别区行政长官公署铸造哈尔滨大洋壹分铜元，被否决。哈尔滨铸造一分铜元之议也就此作罢。此币系报请之前的试铸样币，未经流通。

民国十九年（1930年）是不平凡的一年。就在这一年的二月。由鲁迅先生为发起人之一的中国自由大同盟成立，三月二日，中国左翼作家同盟（即“左联”）成立。这是中国共产党领导下的中国文化艺术的革命组织。

三月中旬，冯玉祥组织李宗仁和阎锡山公开反对蒋介石独裁统治。四月，军阀大混战。十一月初，蒋介石利用阴谋瓦解对方竟然获胜。

就在二年前，东北地区发生重大事件。民国十七年（1928年）6月2日，驻扎在东北的奉系军阀张作霖在北京返回东北的途中，在皇姑屯被日本人预先埋置的猛烈炸药炸死。他儿子张作良继掌奉系军权。

1928年12月29日东北易帜，东北归顺国民党中央政府。张学良被“国民政府”任命为东北边防司令长官并兼管东北政府各项事务。这时，东北地区已经归顺国民政府了，所有的事务是不能自作主张的。鉴于此，“哈尔滨‘军舰’”图案壹分铜元的辅币就不能由东北地区来发行了。必须报请“国民中央政府财政部”审批才行。

发行货币是“国民中央政府”财政部的专有特权。东北刚刚易帜，自行发行货币是特别敏感的事宜。张学良是不敢越俎代庖的。另外，即使想报办中央，多一事，不如少一事。就这样：“哈尔滨‘军舰’”壹分铜元就被扼杀在襁褓之中。

设计这枚铜元的人空有报国志，却生不逢其时，没有施展才华的余地。纵观这枚铜元的“军舰”图案应该是一艏“巡洋舰”的造型。而中国海军，自从中日“甲午战争”以来，海军中还没有象样的大军舰。这位铜元设计者竟然有超前的意识，把“哈尔滨”与“军舰”有机的融于一个画面之中。冥冥中，期望中国也有一艏以“哈尔滨命名的大型巡洋舰”。这位设计者也许就是哈尔滨人。他的“海军梦”，仍至“海军强军梦”在那个时代是多么伟大的壮举啊！

historyThis coin was designed by the Harbin Banking Association in the early 19th year of the Republic of China(1930) and produced by the Shenyang Currency Factory. The purpose was to commemorate the soldiers who died in the battle of the same river and to celebrate the achievements of the "East B" in the war. Barge. According to relevant documents, this coin was cast to ease the problem of the lack of coins in Harbin at that time. At that time, the Harbin Banking Association reported to the Chief Executive's Office of the three provinces in the East that Harbin Ocean was divided into copper coins and was rejected. Harbin's proposal to cast a penny of copper also gave up. This coin system reported that the previous sample coin was not circulated.The 19th year of the Republic of China(1930) was an extraordinary year. In February of this year. The China Freedom Alliance was established by Mr. Lu Xun as one of the initiators.On March 2, the League of Chinese Leftist Writers(ie, the "Left Alliance") was established. This is a revolutionary organization of Chinese culture and art under the leadership of the Communist Party of China.In mid-March, Feng Yuxiang organized Li Zongren and Yan Xishan to openly oppose Chiang Kai-shek's dictatorship. In April, the warlords fought. In early November, Chiang Kai-shek used a conspiracy to dismantle the other party and even won.Just two years ago, major events took place in the Northeast region. In the 17th year of the Republic of China(1928), on June 2nd, the Feng warlord Zhang Zuolin stationed in the Northeast was killed by heavy explosives planted by the Japanese in Huanggu Tun on his way back to the Northeast. His son Zhangzuoliang took over the military power.On December 29, 1928, the Northeast changed its banner and the Northeast returned to the Kuomintang Central Government. Zhang Xueliang was appointed by the "National Government" as the commander of the Northeast Border Defense and concurrently managed the affairs of the Northeast Government. At this time, the Northeast region has already returned to the Nationalist Government, and all affairs can not be claimed by themselves. In view of this, the "Harbin 'warship'" pattern of copper coins can not be issued by the Northeast region. It must be submitted to the "Ministry of Finance of the National Central Government" for approval.The issuance of currency is the exclusive privilege of the "National Central Government" Ministry of Finance. The Northeast has just changed its flag, and issuing its own currency is a particularly sensitive matter. Zhang Xueliang did not dare to cross over. In addition, even if you want to report to the Central Committee, there are many things, not as many things. In this way: "Harbin 'Warship'" was strangled in the cocoon.The man who designed this copper dollar had a service to the country, but he did not have the time to show his talent. Looking at this copper dollar "warship" pattern should be a bow "cruiser" shape. The Chinese Navy, since the Sino-Japanese War of 1894, has not had a decent large warship in the Navy. The copper designer actually had an advanced consciousness and organically integrated "Harbin" and "warships" into one picture. In the dark, it is expected that China will also have a large cruiser named after Harbin. The designer may be Harbin. His "Navy dream", still "Navy strong military dream" in that era is how great feat Ah!

在设计面值、年份时，设计者充分考虑到与当时民国政府的辅币一样，采取贯行的风格力求统一规格。外围是一圈珠圈，中央为国民党的党徽。党徽用双重的梅花圈装饰。文字采用正楷字体。“中华民国十九年”位于梅花双圈的正上方，面值“壹分”位于正下方。它们之间用对称的五角星隔开。整体设计端庄有序。既符合当时民国政府辅币必须带“国民党党徽”的全国统一标准。表明该钱币是东北易帜后的地方流通币，又有自己的独创性。

可能这种辅币冠以“哈尔滨”名称，使用范围很小，更主要的是这种行为挑战了“东省特别行政长官公署”的权威。所以，“哈尔滨军舰壹分”铜元辅币的流产就成了必然的结果。

In designing the face value and year, the designer fully considered the same as the auxiliary currency of the Republic of China government at that time, and adopted a consistent style to strive for uniform specifications. The periphery is a circle of beads, and the central government is the KMT's party emblem. The party emblem is decorated with a double plum blossom circle. The text is in block font. The "19th year of the Republic of China" is located directly above the double circle of plum blossoms, and the face value "points" is directly below. They are separated by symmetrical five-pointed stars. The overall design is dignified and orderly. It was in line with the National unified standard that the government of the Republic of China must bring the "KMT Party emblem." It shows that the coin is a local currency after the Northeast was changed, and it has its own originality.Perhaps this kind of auxiliary currency is named "Harbin" and its scope of use is very small. What is more, this behavior challenges the authority of the "Eastern Special Chief Executive's Office." Therefore, the abortion of the "Harbin Warship" copper coin became an inevitable result.

哈尔滨一分铜元是中国钱币中名列前茅的大珍品，藏品品相精致，风格独持，钱币正面鲜然可见历史文化的沉淀。钱币虽小，也可管窥社会文化一斑。其包浆入骨，熟旧自然，深打字口清楚。它有着历史熏陶，是价值很高的革命文物，具有深远的历史纪念意义；同时还是考古和研究中国历史文化难得的实物。据今所知，仅见两枚存世。这是目前发现的第三，四枚来自哈尔滨的张先生，举世罕见。

Harbin's one-point copper yuan is one of the top treasures in Chinese coins. The collection is exquisite and has a unique style. The deposits of historical culture are visible on the front of the coins. Although coins are small, they can also be seen in social culture. It is coated with bone, ripe and natural, and deep typing is clear. It has a historical influence and is a highly valued revolutionary cultural relic with far-reaching historical commemorative significance; At the same time, it is also a rare object for archeology and research on Chinese history and culture. As far as we know today, only two have survived. This is the third, four Zhang from Harbin, which is rare in the world.